中国农产品加工业发展的现状、问题及对策

Current Situation, Problems and Countermeasures of Development of Agricultural Product Processing Industry in China

现阶段中国农产品加工业发展呈九大特征:农产品加工业总体快速发展,但在工业中地位下降;占轻工业比重及与农业产值之比不断上升;出口值呈增长态势,但出口份额下降;就业结构、产值结构和出口结构的行业差异明显;加工企业规模逐渐扩大;企业经营状况良好,行业间经济效益不均衡;集聚态势明显,具有行业差异和空间分布差异;加工机械品种初步满足需求,工艺技术水平不断提高;外资进入并从加工环节向上下游扩张。近十余年中国农产品加工业虽取得长足发展,但仍存在问题。为促进农产品加工业发展,建议实施地区和产业差别化政策,优化财政投入机制,支持企业更新加工装备和工艺技术,加快完善农产品加工业税收政策,大力创新金融服务方式,鼓励发展农产品加工业行业协会并完善相关配套政策及措施。

Now the development of agricultural product processing industry （APPI） in China presents nine characteristics. First, the agricultural product processing declines in industrial status though rapid development on the whole. Second, its share in light industry and agricultural output value keeps rising. Third, its export value tends to increase, but its export share declines. Fourth, the industrial differences in employment structure, production value structure and export structure vary significantly. Fifth, the scale of processing enterprise keeps expanding. Sixth, these enterprises run in good condition, but the economic benefit distribution is unbalanced in this industry. Seventh, the trend of agglomeration becomes obvious, which presents the industrial difference and spatial distribution difference. Eighth, the processing machinery can satisfy the demands in varieties, and the technological level keeps improving. Ninth, foreign investment has been introduced and has expanded to the upstream and downstream from the processing link. Though the APPI has made substantial progress in recent ten years, problems still exist. Boosting the better development of the APPI, different policies should be practiced in different regions and industries, the financial investment mechanism should be optimized, enterprises should be supported to upgrade the processing equipment and technology, tax policy, financial service, develop industry association and the relevant policies and measures should be improved.