以理论为纲,以效度为本,打造全面测量交际语言能力的高考英语

Constructing a communicative-language-ability-oriented NMET(Shanghai):On its theory ladenness and validity basis

语言测试由于深受应用心理学的影响,其研究范式中关注的核心是测试的效度。高考英语作为中国语言测试研究中的重要内容,其命题的理论依据和考试效度也受到广泛的关注,并极具社会影响力。高考英语(上海卷)作为我国自主命题长达三十年之久的一项大规模、高风险考试,始终在命题的理论依托以及试题的效度方面不断完善。本文在回顾高考英语(上海卷)试题结构演变的基础上,阐述该项考试在其发展历程中的测试理论依据,特别是交际语言能力模型,并说明效度研究的相关举证以及确保考试公平性方面所作的努力。最后,本文提出高考英语(上海卷)今后改革与发展的几点思考和建议。

Influenced by applied psychology,language testing research paradigm takes test validity as its core. In a similar vein,the National Matriculation English Test（ NMET）,as one of the pivotal research domains in language assessment in China,invites extensive concern regarding it theory ladenness and test validity,thus exerting far-reaching impact on the society. NMET（ Shanghai） is a large-scale high-stakes test that has experienced thirty-odd years of authorized test development at the municipality level. As such,unremitting efforts have been made in enhancing its theory ladenness and prioritizing its validity. This paper,with a retrospect on the evolution of the NMET（ Shanghai） test structure as a point of departure,elucidates on the theory ladenness in its development,particularly with a view to the Communicative Language Ability Model. It then articulates the validity arguments of the test and explicates the test developers＇ efforts in upholding test fairness. In addition,light is also shed on the directions to which the test will reform and develop in the future.