溶剂对杜仲籽油提取率和品质影响的研究

EFFECT OF SOLVENTS ON THE EXTRACTION YIELD AND QUALITY OF EUCOMMIA ULMOIDES SEEDS OIL

以杜仲翅果为原料,考察了6种不同溶剂对杜仲籽油的浸提效率,并对所得油脂的品质进行了对比研究。结果表明：相同试验条件下,正己烷和丙酮的混合溶剂（体积比为4∶1）出油率最高（13.21%）。混合溶剂得到的油脂具有较低的酸价、过氧化值、碘值、不皂化物和折光指数,以及较高的皂化值和较深的色泽。杜仲籽油中含量最多的脂肪酸是亚麻酸（59.47%-61.36%）,其次是油酸（17.02%-17.55%）和亚油酸（11.86%-12.42%）。不同溶剂所得油脂的脂肪酸构成在数值上变化并不明显。与其他所考察溶剂相比,添加正丁醇的混合溶剂得到的油脂含有更多的生育酚,尤其是δ-生育酚。此外,混合溶剂得到的油脂具有更强的氧化稳定性。

The present study was to investigate the effect of solvent on the extraction yield and qualities of Eueommia ulmoides seeds oil. The oils extracted by 6 kinds of solvent were analyzed and compared . The results showed that the highest oil yield （13.21%） was obtained using mixed solvent of acetone and hexane （4：1, v/v）. The oils extracted by mixed solvents all had lower acid value ,peroxide value, iodine value, refractive index, higher saponification value and darker color. The main fatty acids in Eucommia ulmoides seeds oil were linolenic, oleic and linoleic,which were accounted for 59.47%-61.36% ,17.02%-17.55% and 11.86%-12.42% , respectively. The fatty acid compositions of oils extracted by different solvents had no obvious difference. The oils extracted by solvents adding n-butyl alcohol contained more tocopherol, especially δ- tocopherol. In addition, the oils extracted by mixture solvent had higher oxidation stability.