沙特阿拉伯的自由主义思潮与运动

The Ideological Trend of Liberalism and Movement in Saudi Arabia

石油经济的发展彻底改变了沙特阿拉伯相对封闭的社会环境,源自西方的"自由主义"现代政治理念传入沙特阿拉伯。经过战后初期、海湾战争时期和世纪之交三个阶段,"自由主义"在沙特阿拉伯经历了从西化向本土化的发展历程。伴随着现代化进程中新旧经济秩序的更替和新旧社会势力的消长,自由主义思潮和运动的目标从争取经济权利向争取社会和政治权利逐步深入,最终在沙特国家认同和伊斯兰框架之下,整合了逊尼派伊斯兰主义、世俗自由主义和什叶派多元主义等多种社会力量,形成一种具有统一倾向的伊斯兰自由主义。

The development of petroleum economics changed the closed social environment of Saudi Arabia drastically.A modern political thought of liberalism originated from Western world was introduced into Saudi Arabia.Going through three stages of early after World War II,Gulf War,and the turn of the centuries, Liberalism experienced the development from Westernization to localization.Accompanied by the replacement of the old economic order by the new economic order,and the ebb and flow between the old and the new social forces in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,the goal of Liberalism ideological trend and movement changed from fight for economic rights to social-political rights,finally under the framework of Saudi national identity and Islam,integrated various social force with the Sunnite Islamism,secular Liberalism and Shia pluralism into the Islamic Liberalism with uniform trend.