中东现代化进程中的世俗政治与宗教政治——相关概念的认知与历史经验的审视

Secular Politics and Religious Politics in the Process of Modernization in the Middle East:Cognition of Relevant Concepts and Examine of Historical Experience

伊斯兰世界的历史传统在于世俗政治与宗教政治的错综交织,中东现代化进程在政治层面的运动轨迹普遍表现为世俗政治与宗教政治的此消彼长。中东诸国在现代化进程中的世俗化改革通常与自上而下之威权政治的强化呈同步趋势,所谓"发展的独裁模式"和威权政治的膨胀导致民众参与和民主政治的缺失,致使世俗国家与宗教社会形成明显的悖论倾向。世俗政治与宗教政治的消长,具有宗教社会对抗世俗国家的浓厚色彩,其特定内涵在于政治发展进程从自上而下到自下而上的剧烈转换,所谓"伊斯兰是出路"则是现代伊斯兰主义代表民众意志和动员民众政治参与的重要标志。

The interlacing between secular politics and religious politics is the historical tradition of the Islamic world.The ebb and flow between secular politics and religious politics assumes the path of the political movement in the process of modernization in the Middle East.Secularization reform in the process of modernization in the Middle East countries happened usually at the same time with the reinforcement of top-down authoritarian politics.The dictatorship pattern with the development and the expansion of the authoritarian politics lead to the lack of public participation and democracy.There is obvious paradox tendency between the secular state and religious society.The ebb and flow between secular politics and religious politics shows some appearance of religious society against the secular state,but its specific connotation lies in the dramatic transformation of political development process from the top-down to down-top.The concept of Islam is a way out is the important symbol that modern Islamism on behalf of the public will and mobilize the political participation.