新自由主义影响下的埃及城市变迁

The Transition of Egyptian Cities under the Influence of Neoliberalism

埃及推行的新自由主义改革对城市的变迁产生了显著的影响,并给埃及城市的面貌打上了深刻的市场化烙印。在新的经济形势下,为了解决住房问题并加快城市化进程,埃及政府推行了新城镇项目,然而效果差强人意。作为埃及经济重要组成部分的房地产市场,也在新自由主义改革的大潮下受到冲击。萨达特以来的埃及政府逐渐改变了纳赛尔时代的房地产政策,推行市场化举措,形成了以私企主导的房地产市场格局。与此同时,埃及政府还推行了以开罗为代表的城市改造工程,服务于富人阶层的特殊需求。在新自由主义改革的冲击下,埃及城市发展的两极化倾向进一步加剧,成为社会分裂的重要表征。

The neoliberalist measures pursued by the Egyptian government greatly influenced on the transition of Egyptian cities,and put a remarkable marketization signet on it.Under the new economic situations,the Egyptian government carried out the New Town Project to resolve the housing problem and accelerate the process of urbanization.However,these measures brought about little effect.The Real Estate Market,which is an important part of the economy,was also shocked by the neoliberalist reform.In the Real Estate market,the Egyptian governments since Sadat pursued a policy focused on market.As a result,the private company played a essential role in the Real Estate Market.Meanwhile,in order to serve the special interest of the rich,the Egyptian government also carried out a city reconstruction project,especially Cairo.By the clash of neoliberalism,the polar procession of Egyptian cities aggravated,and became an important representation of the social disruption.