光帆航天器发展现状及“突破摄星”计划关键技术

Study on Development Status of Light Sail Spacecraft and Key Technologies of Breakthrough Starshot Project

光帆航天器可以借助太阳光,也可以从地基或空基能量站发出激光对其加速,与传统的化学推进相比,光帆推进技术可以使航天器获得较大的加速度,从而进行较远空间目的地的探测活动。文章对国外光帆航天器的发展现状及主要技术指标进行了调研,重点介绍了"突破摄星"计划(Breakthrough Starshot)概况,并对其重要系统组成及计划工程实施过程进行了详细分析。最后对"突破摄星"计划中可能涉及到的关键技术进行了梳理,包括地面大型激光阵列技术、芯片星器件集成技术、光帆轻质材料技术、光帆姿态控制技术以及深空激光通信技术。以上研究内容可为我国发展光帆航天器技术提供参考。

Light sail spacecraft can be accelerated by sunlight or laser light beamed from ground base or space base. Compared with traditional chemical propulsion,a spacecraft can have huge ac- celeration by using light sail propulsion technology, thus can achieve to a further destination to carry out exploration activities. This paper studies the development and technical specifications of foreign light sail spacecraft,focusing on the description of Breakthrough Starshot project, with an analysis of s gnificant components of system and implementation process. The key technologies of Breakthrough Starshot project to be solved are also discussed in this paper,such as ground-base arrays of lasers technology, microelectronic components integration technology of starchip, light- weight sail material technology, attitude control technology and deep-space laser communication technology of light sail spacecraft. The research contents mentioned above provide a reference for the future development of light sail spacecraft in our country.