中美国际贸易制度之争——基于国际公共产品提供的视角

The Competition Between China and U.S. on International Trade System Based on Global Public Goods Provision

制度是非中性的,作为国际公共产品的国际贸易制度同样具有非中性特征。二战以后,国际贸易制度长期以来主要由美国通过霸权以国际公共产品的形式来提供,并反映美国的利益诉求。20世纪80年代以来,特别是21世纪以来,随着国际经贸格局的变迁,中美两国的经贸实力发生了巨大变化,进而两国主导国际贸易制度的能力和意愿也发生了重要转变。美国提供全球性国际贸易公共产品的能力和意愿不断下降;中国的意愿和能力虽逐步提升,但未能在全球领域填补相应的空白。在此背景下,美国逐渐转向提供成本较低的区域性公共产品,且其明显针对中国的战略使中美国际贸易制度之争的重点由全球转向区域,并进入相持阶段。未来,随着经济贸易国际地位的提升,在国际贸易领域,无论是在全球层面还是区域层面,中国不可避免地需要为国际公共产品提供承担更多的责任和更大的成本,当务之急是要切实提高国际公共产品的提供能力。

Institutions are not neutral,and the international trade system as global public goods also has a non neutral characteristics. After World War II,the international trade system has long been mainly provided by the United States through the global public goods in the form of hegemony,and reflects the interests and demands of the United States. Since 1980 s,especially since twenty-first Century,with the changes in the pattern of international economy and trade,great changes have taken place between the China and U.S. economic strength,and therefore an important shift in the ability and willingness of leading the international trading system has happed. China has not filled the vacuum of global public goods when the global public goods of international trade are lack. Under this background,the United States begins to provide regional public goods with low cost,and its strategy aiming at China obviously not only makes the competition between China and the United States in the provision of regional public goods transfer from global into regional,but also leads it into a stalemate. With the promotion of China's economic and trade status in the future,both globally and regionally,it is inevitable for China to undertake more responsibility and cost to provide global public goods. Therefore,China's top priority is to effectively improve the ability of global public goods provision in international trade.