昆山市脑卒中发病的季节及年龄规律分析

Seasonal and Age-related Characteristics of Stroke in Kunshan

目的了解昆山市居民脑卒中发病率的季节特性及年龄变化规律,为研究干预措施提供依据。方法脑卒中发病数据来源于昆山市慢性病监测系统2011-2015年的数据,将出血性、缺血性卒中纳入分析共计16242例。按昆山的气候特点划分四季,对脑卒中发病季节、发病年龄进行回顾性分析。结果 2011-2015年,昆山市居民出血性卒中的发病数冬季最高,缺血性卒中的发病数夏季最高;出血性卒中发病数最高的年龄段是60~64岁,缺血性卒中发病数最高的年龄段是75~79岁;2011-2015 5年间,缺血性卒中的平均发病年龄高于出血性卒中;二者的平均发病年龄均有提高的趋势,女性的平均发病年龄都要高于男性。结论昆山市冬季应加大对出血性卒中的预防,夏季加大对缺血性卒中的预防,未来研究季节对脑卒中的影响应考虑综合作用;应加大对老年人口脑卒中的预防,尤其对高龄老年人群应加强缺血性脑卒中的预防。

Objective To explore the seasonal and age - related characteristics of stroke in Kunshan and provide a basis for studies on interventional measures. Methods The stroke incidence data from the Kunshan chronic dis- eases surveillance system during 2011 -2015 were collected. Cases of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke were in- cluded in the analysis, totaling 16 242 cases. According to the climate characteristics of Kunshan, we divided a year into four seasons and retrospectively analyzed onset seasons and age of stroke. Results In 2011 - 2015, the number of hemorrhagic stroke cases was the highest in winter, and the number of ischemic stroke cases was the highest in summer. The numbers of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke cases were the highest in the 60 - 64 age group and the 75 -79 age group, respectively. Over the five years from 2011 to 2015, the average onset age of ischemic stroke was higher than that of hemorrhagic stroke, and both demonstrated a rising tendency. The average onset age was higher in females than that in males. Conclusion In Kunshan, prevention of hemor- rhagic stroke and isehemic stroke should be enhanced in winter and in summer, respectively. Comprehensive effects of seasons on stroke should be considered in future studies. Prevention of stroke, particularly of ischemic cerebral apoplexy, in the elderly should be paid more attention to in the future.