“公开准入”模式下的美国州际天然气管道运营管理

Operation and Management of Gas Pipeline Under the Open-access Mechanism

随着输气管道"公开准入"机制的引入,不仅使得管道公司主要职能发生转变,管道运营和行业结构都呈现出新的特点,如参与主体增多、中间商板块的兴起等,"公开准入"模式下的美国州际天然气管道运输逐步发展成为高效、竞争的管输服务市场。管输服务的可靠性由用户选择的合同类型决定,与用户的类型或天然气的用途无关;新的行业模式下,管道平稳、高效的运营依赖所有参与方共同遵守的行为准则,市场化服务和有关机制设计对提高管道输送弹性和运行效率发挥了重要作用。针对我国当前油气基础设施"公开准入"机制,建议政府部门逐步放松井口价格监管,积极推进天然气热值计量方式。

Since the introduction of the open- access mechanism, interstate natural gas transportation has gradually developed into an efficient and competitive market. The introduction of open access mechanism not only makes the main function of the pipeline company change, pipeline operation and industry structure have also shown some new features, such as the increase in the number of participants,the rise of the marketers and so on.The transportation reliability is determined by the type of contract,and is not related to the type of the consumer or the use of natural gas.Based on the new industry model,the smooth and efficient operation of the pipeline depends on the common code of conduct for all the parties involved, and market services and related mechanism play an important role in improving the transportation elasticity and efficiency.In view of China＇s current oil and gas industry trends,suggested that the government should relax the wellhead price regulation, and actively promote the calorific value metering of natural gas and so on.