“点鸟奖湖”—鄱阳湖南矶湿地保护区社区参与共管双赢模式的思考

“More birds more bonus”-The Thinking of Community Participation and Comanagement Win-Win Mode in Jiangxi Poyang Lake Nanji Wetland National Natural Reserve

"点鸟奖湖"活动和"水位合作调控"是在江西鄱阳湖南矶湿地国家级自然保护区进行的一次社区参与式的大胆实践。实践结果表明:2013年12月15日和2014年1月12日两次"点鸟奖湖"候鸟数量分别为228904只和115199只,是往年同期候鸟数量的3倍多和4倍多,保护区向湖泊承包者共发放奖金459302元。此次实践改善了保护区渔民与候鸟之间的关系,改变了掠夺式的捕捞方式,缓解了候鸟保护与渔业生产之间的矛盾,提高了湖泊的候鸟越冬承载力,维持了湿地生态系统的服务功能。社区参与和共管方式可以有效地激励当地居民的主动参与保护,增强保护管理的有效性,可为实现社区经济与保护管理的和谐、健康发展提供新的参考。

＂More birds more bonus＂activities and＂Regulation of the suitable water level＂were an innovative practice conducted by the Jiangxi Poyang lake Nanji wetland national natural reserve authority to stipulate community participation and comanagement. The results indicates that the number of migratory birds were 228904 on December 15, 2013 and 115911 on January 12, 2014 during the practice of＂more birds more bonus＂period and it＇s more than 3 times and 4 times as the same period of the past years. In addition, the lake contractors were rewarded a total of RMB 459302. The relationship between fishermen and the migratory birds were improved, the way of predatory fishing was changed, and the contradiction between the migratory birds conservation and fisheries production has been alleviated.Moreover, the wintering carrying capacity of the lake（mainly to Plate-shaped Lake Enclosed in Autumn） for the migratory birds was enhanced, the service function of wetland ecosystems has been maintained. The community participation and comanagement win-win modewould effectively stimulate local residents to conserve birds and their habitat.The efficiency of protection and management would be enhanced, the harmonious development between community economy and natural conservation would be realized. The protection activities were an innovation to promote the protection effeteness for natural reserves in China.