近10年来翁牛特旗土地沙漠化动态特征及其成因分析

Analysis on Dynamic Characteristics and Reasons of Land Desertification in Wengniut Banner in Recent 10 Years

采取野外调查和TM卫片解译判读相结合的方法,并结合相关地学知识,以2004年和2014年沙漠化土地普查资料做本底,对翁牛特旗土地沙漠化动态及成因进行分析研究.结果表明:近10年来,翁牛特旗沙漠化面积减少了23.22万hm2,2004年的沙漠化面积是2014年的1.5倍.流动和半固定沙漠化土地面积均呈现出逆转趋势,固定沙漠化土地面积在扩大,且沙漠化土地类型结构由以流动沙地为主,转变为以固定沙地为主;该旗沙漠化土地在空间上的变化以三大典型沙化区为主,其他沙漠化土地也均向良性发展;2004年该旗的沙漠化程度指数为0.429,到2014年时下降到0.256,变化速率为-1.73%.流动、半固定及固定沙漠化土地的动态度分别为-0.69%,-0.49%及0.37%,沙漠化表现为整体逆转,局部发展的态势;通过大力实施"以路治沙"战略,启动与实施了一系列国家治沙工程项目与旗内治沙工程,该旗沙漠化土地治理和生态环境建设取得显著成效,这也是十年来沙漠化明显逆转的原因所在.

By adopting the methods of field survey, interpreting the Land-sat TM images as well as relevant geography knowledge, we study the dynamic characteristics and reasons of land desertification in Wengniut Banner comprehensively, based on the general survey of desertification land from 2004 to 2014. The results show that the total area of desertification land decreased by 0. 232 2 million hm2 in recent 10 years and the area of desertification land in 2004 was 1.5 times larger than that of 2014. The mobile desertification land and semi-fixed desertification land are reversing, and the mobile desertification land was spatial changes of desertification lands in Wengniut Banner desertification lands are also becoming better. The index of transformed into semi-fixed are mainly the three sandy desertification land. The dune regions, and other desertification degree in Wengniut Banner in 2004 was0. 429 and it went down to 0. 256 in 2014, with the change ratio of - 1.73 percent. The dynamic degree of mobile desertifieation land, semi-fixed and fixed desertifieation land were - 0.69 percent, - 0.49 percent, and 0.37 percent respectively. The desertification land showed the trend of reversed overall and developed in some parts. By implementing ＂through repair road to combating desertification＂ strategy vigorously and the overall initiate and implement of a series of national and local sand-control engineering, desertification land control and ecological environment construction got prominent effect, which is the main reason that the process of desertification has been in the obvious reversion situation in recent 10 years.