内蒙古贺兰山某块菌的形态解剖学与分子生物学研究

Anatomy and Molecular Biology Study of Truffles Discovered in Helan Mountain of Inner Mongolia

利用形态解剖学和分子生物学方法,对采自内蒙古贺兰山地区实验样地青海云杉林下的块菌两菌株（菌株a和b）进行分析鉴定。研究发现：（1）两菌株子囊果均为黄褐色,表面光滑,没有明显的疣状突起和棱角。（2）菌株a产孢组织乳白色、致密团状,菌肉组织褐色;球形、棒状子囊呈蜂窝状排布,内含有1~4个带包被的、表面具有突起状纹饰的球型子囊孢子;子囊孢子双层壁,厚约1.7μm,直径约20μm（含纹饰）。（3）菌株b产孢组织有裂隙,松散,子实层内除了具有上述蜂窝状排布的子囊和内部的球型孢子外,还具有＂口袋＂状子囊,该子囊内含有大量两端尖、外壁光滑、褐色的椭球型孢子。（4）分子生物学进化分析表明,两菌株聚为一支,但属于块菌属的支持率相对较低;推断两菌株可能为中国猪块菌属Choiromyces新记录种。

The two samples of truffles collected in the Helan Mountain region of Inner Mongolia were studied by Anatomy and molecular biology.（1）Two strains of ascoma were tan,smooth surface,no obvious verrucous protuberance and edges.（2）Gleba of strain a is ivory,dense and vagus veins.Hyphae organization is brown;Spherical or rod-shaped ascus in honeycomb arrangement contained 1-4ascospore with package;the surface ascospore had a protuberant ornamentation and was spherical.Thickness of double wall was about 1.7um,diameter 20 microns（including ascospore grain）.（3）Gleba of strain b had cracks,loose,in addition to the above ascus and spore,also possessed a special ascus like＂pocket＂containing a large number of sharp,smooth,brown ellipsoidal spores.（4）Molecular evolution analysis shows that the two strains into one,but there is a relatively low approval ratings for genus Tuber.Therefore,the two strains were concluded that they might be a new record species of genus Choiromyces in China.