施氮水平对海南茄衣农艺性状、植烟土壤养分状况及烟叶化学成分的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Rates on Agronomic Characters,Soil Nutrient Status and Tobacco Leaf Chemical Components of Hainan Cigar Wrapper

通过田间试验,研究了5种不同氮用量对茄衣烟株不同生长时期的农艺性状、土壤养分状况及发酵后烟叶的物理特性、化学成分的影响。结果表明,氮用量对烟株生育前期影响较大,对生育后期影响不显著。随着移栽天数的增加,0~20 cm和20~40 cm植烟土壤碱解氮含量分别表现为总体增加和变化较平稳;速效钾含量呈现先减后增再减的趋势。对于发酵后烟叶,氮肥用量增大会导致总糖含量降低,总氮、烟碱含量增高,说明氮肥用量的增加有利于含氮化合物的积累,而不利于含碳化合物的积累,氮肥用量过高或过低都会导致钾氯比降低。从烟叶化学成分协调性来说,T2(180 kg/hm^2)处理最优;根据优质茄衣要求叶片薄、组织细密、弹力好来看,T2、T3处理物理特性较好。综合各种因素在本试验条件下,以每公顷施氮180 kg处理海南茄衣性状表现最好,生产上可以进行推广应用。

The effects of 5 different nitrogen rates on the agronomic characters and soil nutrient status at different growing stages and the physical properties and chemical components after fermentation of Hainan cigar wrapper were measured through field trials. The results showed that the nitrogen rate had greater impacts on tobacco plants at earlier growing period while no significant impact at later growing stage. With the increase of transplanting day,the available nitrogen content of 0 ~ 20- cm and 20 ~ 40- cm tobacco- planting soil showed an overall increase and relatively stable trend respectively; the available potassium content showed the trend of firstly decrease then increase and decrease in the end. With the increase of nitrogen rate,the total sugar content in tobacco leaves after fermentation decreased,and the total nitrogen and nicotine contents increased. It indicated that the increase of nitrogen rate was benefit for the accumulation of nitrogenous compounds,while not good for the accumulation of carbonaceous compounds. Too much or too little nitrogen rate both could reduce the ratio of potassium to chlorine. For the coordination of chemical components in tobacco leaves,T2（ 180 kg / hm^2） treatment owned the best performance. For the thin blade,fine texture and good stretch of superior cigar wrapper,the physical properties of T2 and T3 treatment performed better. Comprehen-sively considered,the characters of Hainan cigar wrapper treated with 180 kg nitrogen per hectare were the best,which could be popularized in production.