基于不同扫描路径的激光熔覆温度场数值模拟研究

Numerical simulation of temperature field in laser cladding for different scanning path

激光熔覆零件的显微组织、应力/应变分布由加工过程的温度场决定。利用ANSYS有限元分析软件分别对长路径、短路径、螺旋路径条件下45钢基板表面激光熔覆316L不锈钢粉末的物理过程展开数值模拟,求解温度场。认为扫描路径会对熔覆零件的温度分布产生重要影响,短路径扫描容易使热量在局部区域集中,基板长边方向温差较大,宽边方向温度平均;长路径扫描的温度场特征则反之;在螺旋路径条件下,基板宽边方向端部和中心区域的温度波动较为分散,受激光束热影响的程度弱。

Microstructure, stress, strain of laser cladding parts were determined by the temperature field in the machining process. Laser cladding of 316L stainless powder on 45 steel substrate for length -direction, width - direction and helical scanning path were simulated by ANSYS FEM software, and the temperature field was solved,which would be effected by the scanning path significantly. Heat was concentrated in the local area with width scanning path and an obvious （/minute） temperature difference appeared in the length （/Width） direction of the substrate. However, temperature field for Length scanning path was the opposite. Under the condition of spiral path, temperature fluctuation in width - direction ends and central region was more dispersed and the degree of thermal effect was weak.