安全伦理的基本要义及其价值层次

On The Essential Significances of Security Ethics and its Valuable Hierarchy

安全伦理关乎行动者既要考虑自身安全也应该考虑他者安全的基本行动要义(或义务或功利或兼而有之)。从伦理学所谓价值具有"金律"(超义务性)、"银律"(义务性)、"铜律"(非义务性)、"铁律"(反义务性)四层次角度,思考安全伦理的基本要义(排列组合)及其价值层次时会发现:一方面,在理念上,"不伤害(不威胁)他者"与"不被他者伤害(威胁)"究竟何种更容易实现,同样显示了安全伦理的四层价值;另一方面,在理念上,安全行动者在保护自我安全与维护他者安全之间如何权衡实现,则更显示出安全伦理的四个价值层次。

Security ethics as an essential significance （obligations or utility or both ） should consider not only the actor own safety but also the other＇ s. In Ethics, these values have four hierarchies ＂Golden Law＂ （ super obligation）, ＂Silver Law （obligation）＂, ＂Copper Law （ no - obligation） and ＂ Iron Law＂ （ reverse obliga- tion）. We find ideally which is easier to implement, on the one hand, between ＂not hurt （threat） the other＂ and ＂not hurt by another （threat）＂; on the other hand, bow to harmonize between protecting his own safety and others＇. These situations show security ethics values of four levels.