甘蓝型油菜与甘蓝杂交的亲和性分析

Crossability Between Brassica napus and B.oleracea

甘蓝型油菜是由甘蓝与白菜型油菜杂交,染色体自然加倍而成.与甘蓝亲本相比,甘蓝型油菜的遗传资源狭窄,利用甘蓝资源是拓宽甘蓝型油菜遗传背景的方式之一,但是甘蓝与甘蓝型油菜杂交存在生殖隔离.利用29份甘蓝与1份自然甘蓝型油菜杂交;利用12份自然甘蓝型油菜,8份人工合成甘蓝型油菜,48份新型甘蓝型油菜和95份人工合成甘蓝型油菜同自然甘蓝型油菜杂交的DH系与1份甘蓝杂交,期望筛选出亲和性高的甘蓝或者甘蓝型油菜.对7份甘蓝与甘蓝型油菜柱头识别反应和胚珠发育观察,发现甘蓝花粉能够在甘蓝型油菜柱头上正常萌发、伸长和生长,但是授粉10d后胚珠开始败育,直到30d完全死亡.尽管29份甘蓝与甘蓝型油菜杂交平均结实率低(36.00%),但是一份野生甘蓝K8934与甘蓝型油菜的结实率能达到148.60%.4种不同类型的甘蓝型油菜与甘蓝杂交均表现低的可交配性,平均结实率差(10.90%).说明了从变异广泛的甘蓝材料中,可能筛选到与甘蓝型油菜杂交亲和性高的甘蓝材料.

Brassica napus was originated from interspecific hybridization between B.oleracea and B.rapa,followed by chromosome doubling.Comparing with parental species B.oleracea,the genetic basis of B.napus is narrower.Introgressing genetic component of B.oleraceais an important strategy to broaden genetic basis of B.napus.However,reproductive isolation was observed between B.napus and B.oleraca.In order to test the crossability between B.napus and B.oleracea,29 accessions from various of B.oleracea were crossed with one line of B.napus（Zhongshuang 9）,while four type of B.napus,including12 natural,8resynthesized,48new-typed B.napus with the introgression of B.oleraceaand 95 DH lines derived from a hybrid between natural and resynthesized B.napus were employed to cross with one line of B.oleracea（SWU01）.A few seeds was obtained in the crosses between Zhongshuang 9with 29 B.oleracea（with an average of 36.00%）and between four types of B.napus with B.oleracea（with 10.90% on average）,except for the cross between Zhongshuang 9and a wild B.oleracea（K8934）,148.60% on average.It indicated that it is possible to select B.oleracea accession with high crossability with B.napus.