中国大气PM_(2.5)污染的主要成因与控制对策

Major causes and control strategies of the PM_(2.5) pollution in China

2011年底以来,PM_(2.5)污染成为全国人民共同关心的环境问题。本文介绍PM_(2.5)的基本概念与污染和简要治理历史、梳理了中国PM_(2.5)污染现状,提出煤炭为主的能源结构是高浓度PM_(2.5)的直接原因、粗放型经济发展模式是雾霾频发的主要原因、污染物的跨界传输也容易形成区域性污染等3个共性原因,同时从不同区域的排放源差异、能源结构与经济发展水平不同及地形与气象条件不同等方面分析了PM_(2.5)污染的个性特征。从3个方面提出中国防治PM_(2.5)控制战略建议:大力调整能源结构,防治PM_(2.5)污染;以科技为核心构建新型的PM_(2.5)防治体系,实现科技治污;改革体制、法律和经济等管理制度,保障科技治污综合效益。

The PM2.5 pollution has been the public conce rn in China since 2011. This paper reviews the fundamental concepts related to PM2.5 and the brief history of its mitigation, including the current situation of PM2.5 pollution in China and the three general causes for China＇s PM2.5 pollution. The coal-based energy structure leads to the high concentration of PM2.5 to a large degree in China, the extensive economy is the culprit for frequent haze breakouts, and the pollutant transportation very likely causes the regional pollutions. Also, this paper analyzes and summarizes the characteristics of PM2.5 pollution based on the divergence of different pollution sources, the difference of energy structure and economic level, topographical and meteorological conditions. On the basis of this analysis, some control strategies are proposed in the following three aspects： Restructuring the energy structure to control PM2.5 pollution, building up a new PM2.5 mitigation system based on scientific considerations, and reforminz the management system including legislations to auarantee the overall effect.