资本驱动下乡村复兴的反思与模式建构——基于济南市唐王镇两个典型村庄的比较

Reflection and Mode Construction of Capital-driven Rural Renaissance: Comparative Study of Two Typical Villages in Tangwang, Jinan

针对乡村面临的发展困境,政府与学术界都提出了通过资本下乡来解决乡村经济、就业等一系列难题,从而促进乡村复兴。然而,由于资本吞没小农等现象频发,资本以市场化运作带来农业价值进一步提升的同时,也在一定程度上导致了新的圈地运动。笔者对济南市唐王镇的西王村与大徐家村两个典型村庄在不同资本驱动下的发展进行实证研究,探讨了两种模式对乡村产业、农民权益以及乡村治理等多方面的影响。通过对这两个乡村发展的比较研究与反思,借鉴日本乡村复兴经验,构建了基于乡村复兴内涵的资本驱动模式。笔者认为,在资本驱动的乡村复兴过程中,既需要自上而下的资本投入与监管机制的建立,同时需要自下而上的乡村自主发展与治理体系的完善。既要重视资本驱动乡村发展的工具理性更要重视乡村自主性的价值理性。

Due to rural development dilemma, government and academia find it necessary to solve rural economy, employment and a series of problems through capital investment to promote rural renaissance. However, since it is a frequent phenomenon that capital encroaches smallholder, while capital bring market operation to further enhance agricultural value, it is also leading to a new enclosure movement to some extent. The paper discusses the impact on rural industries, farmers＇ rights and rural governance of two capital-driven modes through an empirical study on two typical villages. By comparison and reflection of the two rural development condition, the paper constructs the mode of capital- driven rural renaissance. During the process of capital-driven development, not only the top-down capital investment and regulatory mechanisms are required, but also the bottom-up rural self-development and governance system should be improved. Not only the instrumental rationality of capital-driven development should be paid attention to, but also the value rationality of rural autonomy should be emphasized.