库尔勒香梨3种树形冠层结构和产量品质的比较

Comparison between Canopy Structure,Yield and Fruit Quality of Three Tree Shapes of Korla Fragrant Pear

【目的】比较库尔勒香梨3种树形冠层结构以及果实产量与品质的差异,为库尔勒香梨树形的评价与选择提供理论基础。【方法】用LAI-2200冠层分析仪对水平棚架形、疏散分层形和自然开心形库尔勒香梨的冠层结构、产量、品质进行测定分析,比较其差异。【结果】水平棚架形库尔勒香梨的叶面积指数最大;疏散分层形总枝量最高,与水平棚架形和自然开心形相比,分别高出25.4%、13.8%,而水平棚架形总枝量最低。不同树形产量存在差异,3种树形单果质量和单株产量大小排序为水平棚架形>自然开心形>疏散分层形。水平棚架形特级果率最高,与疏散分层形相比,提高了18.5%。3种树形脱萼果率、宿萼果率、凸顶果率差异极显著(P>0.01),水平棚架形脱萼果率最高。自然开心形和水平棚架形的脱萼果率与疏散分层形相比,分别提高了41.6%、23.3%。水平棚架形L值、b值最大,但其a值最小,自然开心形a值最大。水平棚架形与自然开心形的可滴定酸和VC存在显著差异,其可滴定酸和VC均高于自然开心形。自然开心形可溶性固形物、总糖、固酸比、糖酸比均最高,而硬度、可滴定酸最低。【结论】库尔勒香梨3种树形中,水平棚架形叶面积指数最大,疏散分层形次之。3种树形枝量差异较大,疏散分层形的总枝量最高,与水平棚架形和自然开心形相比,分别高出25.4%、13.8%。不同树形的产量存在差异,水平棚架形产量比疏散分层形高12.8%。水平棚架形优等果率和脱萼果率明显高于其它两种树形,与疏散分层形相比,分别高出18.5%、14.8%。水平棚架形和自然开心形果实内在品质较优且差异较小,而疏散分层形内在品质较差。

【Objective】In order to provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation and selection of tree shapes of Korla fragrant pear,the difference of canopy structure,yield and fruit quality of three tree shapes were compared. 【Method】Using LAI-2200 canopy analyzer to determine the canopy structure,yield and fruit quality of level trellis shape,evacuation shape and natural open center shape and comparing the difference among them.【Result】The leaf area index of level trellis shape was the highest in Korla fragrant pear.The total branch number of evacuation shape was the highest,which was 25. 4% and 13. 8% higher respectively than that of level trellis shape and natural open center shape,but the branch numbers of level trellis shape was the lowest. There were some differences in yield of different tree shapes; the order from high to low of mean fruit mass and yield per plant of three tree shapes was level trellis shape,natural open center shape and evacuation shape. The special fruit rate of level trellis shape was the highest,which was 18. 5% higher than evacuation shape. The difference in leaving calyx rate and persistent calyx rate among three tree shapes was extremely significant（ P 〉0. 01）,and the leaving calyx rate of level trellis shape was the highest. Compared with evacuation shape,the leaving calyx rate of natural open center shape and level trellis shape were increased by 41. 6% and 23. 3% respectively. The L value and b value of level trellis shape were the largest,while the a value was the smallest,but the a value of natural open center shape was the largest. There were significant difference in titratable acidity and vitamin C of level trellis shape and natural open center shape,the titratable acidity and vitamin C of level trellis shape were higher than that of natural open center shape.The total soluble solid,total sugar,solids-acid ratio and sugar-acid ratio of natural open center shape were all the highest,while the firmness and titratable acidity of which were the lowest.【Conclusion】Among three tree shape of Korla fragrant pear,the leaf area index of level trellis shape was the highest,and that of evacuation shape took second place. There were large differences in the total branch numbers of different tree shapes,and those of evacuation shape was the highest. The total branch numbers of evacuation shape was25. 4% and 13. 8% higher than those of level trellis shape and natural open center shape respectively. Also,there were some differences in yield among different tree shapes. The yield of level trellis shape,which was12. 8% higher than that of evacuation shape,was the highest. In addition,the high grade fruit rate and leaving calyx rate of level trellis shape were obviously higher than those of other two tree shapes,which were 18.5% and 14. 8% higher than those of evacuation shape. The internal quality of natural open center shape and level trellis was better,which that of evacuation shape was worse.