恢复性司法在中国的发展

Developments of Restorative Justice in China

在过去的30多年里,恢复性司法运动在世界上许多国家已经具有很大的影响力。在中国,恢复性司法从最初的引入到目前的发展与运用已经有十多年时间。一些高等院校相继成立了相关的研究机构,积极开展对恢复性司法理论的研究与宣传。目前中国恢复性司法理论研究已经经过引入介绍期,转向纵深研究发展。司法实务部门利用理论研究成果,结合中国现实国情,开展了颇具中国特色的恢复性司法实践。在刑事诉讼的立案侦查、审查起诉与审判阶段先后开展了一系列恢复性司法试点工作,令人耳目一新。2012年修订的《刑事诉讼法》专章规定了刑事和解制度。行刑领域中的恢复性司法做法虽然还未进入立法者视野,但一些矫正实务部门探索将恢复性司法理念运用于罪犯矫正实践,成效显著。应当借助《社区矫正法》立法与《监狱法》修改,将恢复性行刑融入立法之中。目前中国的恢复性司法实践尚有许多的困境,其进一步的发展有赖于和谐社会的建立与人们宽容心态的培养。

Restorative justice movement has already got a great influence on many countries in the past 30 years.China has introduced and started restorative justice programs for more than ten years. Some universities have set up relative research institutes which have played a very positive role in promoting the research and dissemination of the theory. At present,the academic studies have spread widely in China. Based on Chinese social reality,criminal justice system has made characteristic practices of restorative justice. Some pilot programs have been set up among the criminal procedure stages of investigation,review and prosecution,and the trial. Further more,a separate chapter of the Amendment of the Criminal Procedure Law in 2012 has stipulated Victim- Offender Mediation System. Although practices of restorative justice in corrections have not been legislated, some correctional institutions have explored new practices applying the concept of restorative justice which have achieved good results. In the future,legislators need to develop restorative correctional systems by the legislations of Community Correction Law and the amendment of Prison Law. The practice of restorative justice in China is mired in a dilemma presently and further development is subject to the establishment of a harmonious society and the development of the public＇s mentality of tolerance.