咽部肌肉和结构与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的关系

Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and pharyngeal muscles and structure

上呼吸道包括鼻、咽、喉和胸腔外气管。研究最为关注的是咽部气道,这是阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者睡眠中发生部分或完全性阻塞的部位。在神经调节和化学调节下,咽部气道周围的肌肉可根据需要来调节气道口径和强直度。就睡眠期咽部肌肉和结构相互作用所维持的正常咽部气道,以及可能与睡眠呼吸障碍病理生理学相关的新研究作了阐述。

The upper airway is composed of the nose,pharynx,larynx,and extrathoracic trachea.The segment of great interest is the pharynx,where partial or complete airway obstruction occurs during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome （OSAS）.Under the neural and chemical control,contraction of pharyngeal muscles surrounding the collapsible conduit of the pharynx modulates the size and stiffness according to the required purpose.The objective of this review is to describe normal pharyngeal airway maintenance achieved by interaction between the pharyngeal mus-cles and structures during sleep,and to share new information that may relate to the pathophysiology of sleep-disordered breathing.