昆明‘红大’烟叶内在化学品质关键影响因素的筛选研究

Screening Key Factors Affecting Chemical Compositions of Kungming‘Hongda'Tobacco by Correspondence Analysis Method

烟叶内在化学品质是衡量烟叶质量的重要依据,而由于昆明烟区内存在海拔高度、土壤条件、养分管理等生产条件的差异性,造成不同区域烟叶化学品质特征差异明显。因此,在考虑实际生态、土壤、生产管理条件下,系统性地研究各生产因素及因素组合对烤烟内在化学品质的影响具有必要性。通过昆明‘红大’烟叶内在化学品质及各生产因素的调查,进行海拔高度、土壤条件、栽培管理和养分管理4个因素的聚类分析,以及与烟叶内在化学品质进行多维联列表的对应分析。结果表明:(1)海拔高度、土壤条件、养分管理和栽培管理4个因素对烟叶内在化学品质的影响程度从高到低依次为土壤条件、养分管理>栽培管理>海拔,海拔虽对烟叶品质影响较小,但两者存在一定相关性,即随着海拔升高,‘红大’烟叶内在化学品质有降低趋势;(2)各生产因素组合和烟叶内在化学品质具有明显的对应关系,即烟叶内在化学品质并非由某一生产因素决定,而是各生产因素综合影响的结果。综合来看,保障昆明市旱地红壤上种植的‘红大’烟叶内在化学品质,烤烟种植海拔最好控制在2100 m以下;在养分管理方面,农家肥施用量在7500 kg/hm^2以下,磷肥(P_2O_5)用量不高于60 kg/hm^2,钾肥(K_2O)用量应高于225 kg/hm^2时;在烤烟栽培管理方面,前茬为空闲或播种豆类,大田生育期控制在140天以下,留叶数17片以上。

The chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco is an important factor to evaluate the quality. Theregional differences of chemical composition characteristics are significant according to varying altitude, soilcondition, nutrient management and cultivation management. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the combinedeffects of these factors on chemical compositions of flue-cured tobacco. In this study, soil samples and flue-cured tobacco samples were selected, detected and analyzed in 36 sites with various soil conditions andagricultural activities. According to factors of altitude, soil condition, nutrient management and cultivation management, the cluster analysis was carried out by using DPS software, and the chemical compositions andthe agricultural production condition were examined with correspondence analysis. The results showed that：（1）the successive order of factors affecting the chemical compositions of‘Hongda＇was soil conditions, nutrientmanagement, cultivation management and altitude, despite its comparatively less effect, altitude had acorrelation with chemical compositions;（2） there was a strong relationship between the combination of theproduction factors and the chemical compositions of tobacco leaves, namely, the quality of flue-cured tobaccowas not determined by a single factor, but by the combination of each factor. In this study, the quality ofchemical composition was relatively high when tobacco was planted in dry red soil; in continuous cropping, theprevious crop should be free or legume; the growth duration should be less than 140 days after transplanting,with more than 17 remained tobacco leaves; farm manure should be 0-7500 kg/hm^2, phosphate fertilizer shouldbe less than 60 kg/hm^2, potash fertilizer should be higher than 225 kg/hm^2.