白魔芋的引种适应性评价

Adaptability Evaluation of Amorphophallus albus

引种是优质种质资源扩大栽培区域和基因交流的前提。为研究魔芋种质资源引种适应性,以白魔芋为材料,采用田间小区试验、田间操纵试验及实验室鉴定等方法系统评价了其在引种区恩施州的生长发育情况。结果表明：白魔芋在恩施州海拔450~1250 m区域能安全越冬,且能正常生长发育,在4年以上完成其生活史;营养繁殖试验中根状茎数量随球茎质量增大而增加,根状茎质量与主球茎质量比值为56.93%,白魔芋繁殖系数9.83显著高于清江花魔芋的3.88;有性繁殖试验中,群体花期短,一般在5~10天,花期随群体数量增大而延长,单株平均收获实生子54粒,2010—2012年百粒重分别为19.18、17.05、26.14 g,23.93 g的平均质量高于相应年份花魔芋13.48 g的77.52%;干旱胁迫严重影响其繁殖,主要是根状茎数量显著减少和根状茎质量在变态茎总质量的比例降低;精粉中KGM含量及出粉率表明,白魔芋品质优于花魔芋,同时首次提出,40~100目出粉率可用于快速评价白魔芋品质。白魔芋不适宜恩施州大田繁殖引种,但可用于育种引种,同时抗耐病性、耐光性、耐高温等评价指标的引入对构建魔芋引种的系统性评价具有重要意义。

Introduction is the premise for large scale cultivation and gene exchange. The authors evaluatedadaptability of Amorphophallus germplasm in Enshi by regional trial, manipulative field experiment and laboratory test. The results showed that： in 450-1250 m altitude region of Enshi, Amorphophallus albus couldoverwinter, grow and develop normally, and complete its life cycle in more than 4 years. The vegetativepropagation test showed that the number of rhizome increased with the bulbous mass, the ratio of rhizome massto total mass was 56.93%, its propagation coefficient was 9.83, higher than 3.88 of Qingjiang A. konjac. Thesexual propagation test showed that the florescence was short, generally 5-10 d, florescence extended with theincrease of population number, the average seed number was 54 for mean individual, and the hundred-grainweight was 19.18, 17.05, 26.14 g respectively during 2010-2012, the average was 23.93 g, 77.52% higher thanthat of A. konjac（13.48 g） in the corresponding year. Drought stress seriously affected the propagation, mainlyreduced the number of rhizomes and the ratio of rhizome mass. KGM content in flour and flour yield showedthat the quality of Amorphophallus albus was better than that of A. konjac, while the 40-100 mesh flour yieldcould be used to quickly evaluate albus quality. Amorphophallus albus was unsuited for field cultivation inEnshi, but it could be used in breeding, while evaluation indexes such as anti- disease resistance,photosynthesis and high- temperature resistance should be added to construct the introduction evaluationsystem for Amorphophallus resources.