基于决策树的消化道肿瘤环境影响因素流行病学研究

Epidemiological study on environmental health factors of digestive tract tumor in a river basin area based on decision tree

目的通过构建决策树模型探索影响消化道肿瘤患病率的环境影响因素,提高环境卫生服务效率。方法于2012—2013年,选择我国某河流消化道肿瘤高发区4个省692个行政村的12 432户家庭户作为研究对象,采用入户问卷调查的方法对家庭饮用水情况、居住环境、饮食与卫生等环境影响因素进行调查。应用R3.2.3软件对上述内容进行决策树分析,评估消化道肿瘤与环境影响因素的关系。结果在被调查家庭户中,消化道肿瘤患者共有619例。通过R软件构建出一颗4层、含15个节点的决策树模型。决策树模型筛选出冰箱使用情况、厕所类型、厕所位置、饮用水供水方式、居住环境为消化道肿瘤的环境影响因素。其中,冰箱使用情况是其中最重要的一项影响因素。结论消化道肿瘤的环境影响因素较多,基于决策树模型可以区分出不同影响因素的重要性,为减少可控危险因素的暴露、预防疾病的发生提供依据。

Objective To explore the influence factors of the incidence of digestive tract cancer by constructing a decision tree model, and to improve the efficiency of environmental health services. Methods A total of 692 administrative villages in four provinces which have a high incidence of digestive tract tumor were chosen as the objectives. Water supply mode,living environment,eating habits and sanitation were evaluated through the questionnaires. The data was processed by the party algorithm package, R3.2.3,based on decision tree analysis to assess the relationship between the high incidence of digestive tract cancer and environmental health factors. Results In the survey of 12 432 households,there were 619 cases of digestive tract cancer patients. A decision tree model with. four layers and 15 nodes was constructed by R3.2.3. Five important factors： refrigerator using,toilet type,toilet location,water supply,living environment, were screened out by the decision tree as the influence factors of digestive tract tumor, and refrigerator using was the most significant attribute. Conclusion There are many environmental factors that affect the digestive tract tumor.The importance of different attributes can be distinguished by the decision tree model, which can provide basis for reducing exposure of controllable risk factors and preventing the occurrence of diseases.