老年人乐观、社会支持和孤独感的关系以及失能的调节效应

The relationship between elderly' optimism and loneliness:the mediating role of social support and the moderating role of whether having self-care ability

目的探讨老年人乐观、社会支持和孤独感之间的相关性及失能在其中的调节效应。方法选取438名老年人,运用乐观问卷、社会支持评定量表和孤独感量表进行问卷调查。结果 81.96%的老年人孤独感处在中等及其以上水平,失能老年人的孤独感得分显著高于非失能老年人;老年人乐观、社会支持与孤独感呈显著性负相关,乐观与社会支持呈显著性正相关,结构方程模型分析显示老年人的社会支持在乐观和孤独感之间具有部分中介效应;多群组结构方程模型分析显示是否失能在老年人的乐观、社会支持和孤独感关系中起到调节效应。结论老年人的社会支持在乐观和孤独感之间具有部分中介效应;是否失能在老年人的乐观、社会支持和孤独感关系中起到调节效应。

Objective To explore the relationship among elderly＇ optimism,social support, self-care ability and loneliness. Methods Totally 438 older people were surveyed with the optimism questionnaire, the Social Support Revalued Scale （SSRS）and the UCLA Loneli- ness Scale（UCLA）. Results 81.96% of the elderly had moderate to severe levels of loneliness. The elderly＇ optimism and social support were negatively related to loneliness（ P〈0. 01 ）. The elderly＇ optimism was positively related to social support（ P〈0.01 ）. Structural equation modeling analysis indicated that the elderly＇ social support partially mediated between optimism and loneliness. Multi group structural equation modeling analysis indicated that whether the elderly had self-care ability moderated among their optimism, social support and loneliness. Conclusions The elderly＇ social support partially mediates between optimism and loneliness, and whether having self-care ability moderates among the elderly＇ optimism ,social support and loneliness.