祈使与陈述:动词重叠的差异表现

Imperative vs.Declarative:The Divergent Performance of Duplicated Verbs

本文讨论动词重叠在祈使和陈述中的表现差异,证明:重叠动词的特征当中"自主可控、合意愿性、口语随意"为祈使语用特征,而"可延续可反复"是重叠动词的基本特征,其中"可延续"动词受限于已然现实陈述,"可反复"动词倾向于已然现实陈述;祈使与动词重叠的谓语功能,陈述与动词重叠的非谓语功能呈无标记组配,动词重叠的成句能力、不能直接否定等与祈使相关;动词重叠的口语体分布与祈使语用相应,书面语分布适应陈述表达。祈使与陈述语用的差异及共性是动词重叠研究和教学的基础。

The paper focuses on the discussion of the different performance of duplicated verbs used in imperative and declarative circumstances, and tries to show： （1） duplicated verbs should be controllable, desirable and informal in imperatives, but not always so in declaratives; （2） duplicated verbs should be continuable or repeatable in both circumstances, but continuable verbs＇ duplication is restricted by factual expression while repeatable verbs＇ duplication tends to be factual expression; （3） duplicated verbs as predicates correspond to imperatives and duplicated verbs as non--predicates correspond to declaratives; （4） the facts that duplicated verbs may help to complete a sentence and can not be negated etc.are related to imperatives; （5） duplicated verbs are more common in spoken language as imperatives, and more common in written language as declaratives. The finding provides a base for further research and teaching practice on duplicated verbs.