从《用天气图制作预报的原理》看艾伯克龙比的气象学思想

Abercromby's Contribution of Meteorology and the Principles of Weather Forecasting by Means of Weather Charts

拉尔夫·艾伯克龙比(Ralph Abercromby,1842—1897)是19世纪英国著名的气象学家,他首次利用天气图的原理进行天气预报,开辟了用天气图预报未来天气的先河。文章在简要介绍艾伯克龙比的生平基础上,重点介绍了他的专著《用天气图制作预报的原理》,在概述该著作的框架和基本观点后,围绕着等压线形势的七大类型、对天气类型的分类和如何开展天气预报这三个方面阐述了艾伯克龙比对气象学的认识,并在此基础上,梳理和总结了艾伯克龙比对气象学的贡献及影响。

Ralph Abercromby （1842--1897） was a famous British meteorologists in the 19th century. He proposed the principles of weather charts and used them in weather forecasting. He opened up the begin- ning of weather forecast by weather charts analysis. Based on the brief introduction of Abercromby＇s life, this paper focuses on his monograph： Principles of Weather Forecasting by Means of Weather Charts. Af- ter outlining the work frame and basic concepts, the paper presents Abercrombys understanding of mete- orology, including seven types of isobars, classification of the weather type, and how to carry out the weather forecast. Finally, Abercromby＇s contribution and influence on Meteorology are combed and sum- marized.