2016年春季我国主要气候特征及其成因分析

Main Characteristics and Possible Causes for the Climate in China During the Spring of 2016

2016年春季,全国平均气温11.6℃,为1961年以来历史同期第二高值,仅次于2008年(11.8℃);全国平均降水量174.9 mm,较常年同期偏多21.7%,为1951年以来同期第三高值,仅次于1952年(187.1 mm)及1973年(179.1 mm)。季内主要发生极端日降温及极端日降水量事件。进一步分析发现,受欧亚大陆中高纬地区"+-+"斜压波列影响,我国西北地区受高空槽控制,而东北地区则处于低层辐合、高空辐散的形势,利于上述地区降水偏多。此外,受到厄尔尼诺影响,印度洋一西太平洋地区盛行反气旋异常环流,将大量水汽输送到我国南方地区,有利于南方地区降水偏多。

In the spring of 2016, the mean temperature of China was above normal, being the second high- est in the historical record. The average precipitation amount was also above normal, recorded as the third highest in history. With the influence of the ＂positive-negative-positive＂ baroclinic wavetrain in the mid- high latitude of Euro-Asia Continent, the northwest of China was controlled by the upper trough, while the northeast was dominated by the circulation of low-level convergence and high-level divergence, which is in favor of more precipitation in these two regions. Moreover, under the influence of El Nino, the anticy- clone anomalous circulation prevailed in the Indian-West Pacific Ocean, bringing plenty of water vapor to the Southern China, and leading to more precipitation there.