艺术体制视域下的赝品问题考察

Reflections on Forgery in the Context of Art Institutions

在艺术世界中,赝品被认为是一种劣于原作的存在。通过完美的赝品这个思维实验,可以看出,赝品和原作只是在外在的审美特征上没有区别,其内在的审美价值迥然有异。赝品缺乏艺术品的两大特质:强调艺术品本身独一无二的本真性,侧重艺术品创作过程的原创性。赝品是一个历史性的概念,它随着艺术体制的形成而得以确立。因而,本真性和原创性不是艺术品天然的要求,而是艺术体制对赝品的拒绝手段。

In the world of art, the forgery has generally been considered inferior to the original. Through a thought experiment comparing a perfect fake with the original which cannot be differentiated in appearance, it is revealed that they are alike just in external aesthetic features, but for the intrinsic aesthetic values, the differences are tremendous. The forgery is void of two essential properties of art： the authenticity which emphasizes the uniqueness of the artwork, the originality which focuses on the creative process. As a historical concept, the idea of forgery is established along with the development of the institutions of art. Consequently, both authenticity and originality are not intrinsic requirements of the artwork itself, but measures by which art institutions take to dispel forgery.