方向和位置泛洪的车联网区域路由协议

Zone routing protocol based on direction and location flooding for VANET

为提高车载自组网路由发现、数据传输效率,对区域路由协议进行改进。考虑到车载自组网(VANET)通信环境(道路布局、方向、位置等)多样性,通过判断节点间位置关系缩小泛洪区域,下一跳优先选择该区域内与源或目的节点移动方向相同的节点,进一步减少转发节点数目,以此精细化限制泛洪。为适应VANET拓扑频繁变化链路脆弱特性,目的节点优先选择相同移动方向节点数最多,且平均邻居节点数最多的链路,保证数据可靠传输。仿真结果显示:改进方案较好地克服了原协议全向洪泛引起的网络开销大、单一跳数路由选择导致的丢包率、重传率较高等缺点,能够较好地适应VANET网络通信。

In order to improve efficiency of data transmission and routing discovery in VANET,zone routing protocol is improved. Considering the diversity of VANET communication environment,including road layout,moving direction,location,etc,restricted flooding mechanism is to reduce the flooding area by judging the position relationship between nodes,to further reduce the forwarding node number,the next hop select the nodes that has the same movement direction with source node. In order to adapt to frequent changes in the VANET,the destination node select preferentially the link that has the maximum of average number of neighbor nodes and number of nodes in the same direction of movement. Simulation results show that the improved protocol overcome some downside of original protocol,such as the large overhead caused by omnidirectional flooding,high packet loss rate and high retransmission rate caused by the way of simple routing selection etc,and the improved ZRP scheme is proved better adapt to vehicles communication in VANET.