佛罗伦萨“穹顶工程”中的困局与解决之道

The Dilemma and Solution of the "Dome Project" in Florence

始建于14世纪的佛罗伦萨圣母百花大教堂被誉为文艺复兴时期欧洲最具创新性的划时代之作,其中大教堂的穹顶部分最为人称颂。作为拥有最大砖砌穹顶的教堂,圣母百花大教堂的"穹顶工程"自动工之日起就面对诸多工程与组织管理的问题。"穹顶工程"主要负责人布鲁内莱斯基(Brunelleschi)通过对罗马建筑万神殿等的研究,吸收并改良了众多古代的营造技术与管理经验,确保了在当时饱受争议的"穹顶工程"顺利进行并如期完成。笔者拟通过叙述这一工程项目中所需面对的诸多难题与布鲁内莱斯基的解决之道,阐明建筑工程的复杂性与借助传统经验的必要性。

Founded in Fourteenth Century, the Florence Cathedral is hailed as the most innovative landmark of the Renaissance in Europe, where the dome of the cathedral is the most. As a church with the largest brick dome, the ＂Dome Project＂ of the Cathedral was facing a number of technical and organizational management problems. The ＂Dome Project＂ is mainly responsible by Brunelleschi,through the study of Roman architectural Pantheon, and absorption and improved the numerous ancient building technology and management experience, to ensure the highly controversial at the time the ＂Dome Project＂ running smoothly and completed on schedule. This paper attempts to describe the problems faced by the project in the face of the many problems and Brunellesehi＇s solution, to clarify the complexity of the construction project and the necessity of the use of traditional experience.