生物质聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料的发泡工艺及结构表征

Preparation and structure characterization of biomass polyurethane rigid foam

为了研究沙柳液化产物和异氰酸酯混合发泡制备聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料的最佳发泡工艺,以沙柳液化产物和异氰酸酯为主要原料,纳米有机蒙脱土(OMMT)为形核剂,辛酸亚锡为催化剂,水为发泡剂进行发泡试验。探讨异氰酸酯、OMMT、辛酸亚锡和水的用量对泡沫材料表观密度和压缩强度的影响,并应用X射线衍射、透射电镜、扫描电镜、热重分析等手段对泡沫材料的结构特征进行表征。结果表明:影响发泡试验因素的主次顺序为催化剂、发泡剂、异氰酸酯、成核剂;在优化工艺条件下制得的泡沫材料的表观密度为0.094 g/cm3、压缩强度为0.416 MPa;适量的OMMT能够以插层和剥离态分散在泡沫材料中,显著提高其力学性能、热稳定性和阻燃性能。

In order to study the optimal preparation technological procedure for biomass polyurethane rigid foam,we take liquefaction products of Salix cheilophila and isocyanate as main ingredients,OMMT as nucleating agents,stannous octoate as a catalyst,water as foaming agent for foam experiment. The effects of isocyanate,stannous octoate,OMMT and water on the apparent density and compression strength of foam were studied. The structure performance of the foam was characterized and tested by XRD,TEM,SEM and TG analysis respectively. The results showed that the influence of factors on foams followed the sequence of catalyst,foaming agent,stannous octoate and foaming agent. Under optimal conditions,the foaming material had about 0. 094 g / cm3 density and 0. 416 MPa compression strength. Intercalated or exfoliated OMMT can be prepared by adding just the right amount,which can significantly improve the mechanical properties,thermal stability and flame retardance of materials.