论两汉图书整理与目录编纂对集部成立的影响

The Effect of the Archive and Classified Catalogue in Han Dynasty on Jibu Establishment

目录学者多据《四库全书总目》"集始于东汉"的说法,将"以集名书"的现象视作"集"的起点,而忽略"集"的动态特性,实则西汉已有文学归类并汇集成书的行为。本文认为汉儒在"尊经"的风气下,藉由图书整理与目录编纂,完成文化思想的统一。尤其是《诗赋略》的独立,展现汉赋发展演变的过程,融合南北地域特色,其序文也透露编者的文学批评思想——以"诗赋一体"的概念,强调汉赋的经典化意义与教化功能。《诗赋略》的"赋"与"歌诗"二类,即具文体分类的初步概念;前三赋类以人类书,杂赋类以专题分类,俨然为"别集"与"总集"之萌芽。由此可知,刘向、刘歆的编书已经反映出当时针对这类作品,已有别于经、子之外的区分意识,其本质与集部相合。以此说明两汉图书整理不仅推进"集"的产生时间,对于集部的成立和编纂也具有开拓性影响。

According to Si Ku Quan Shu Zong MuTi Yao,it was long being held that Ji was starting from the East Han dynasty- the dynamic behavior of Ji was neglected and the title of literature can be regarded as the beginning of Ji.In-deed,literary writings had been archived as books pioneered at the West Han dynasty,including various types literatures. In this study,the author supposes the Confucians of Han dynasty,due to honoring the classics,started to archive and classify literary writings so as to unify the ideological culture.Especially,the independence of Shi Fu Lue indicates the ev-olutionary progresses of Han rhapsody （Han Fu）and combinations of regional features.The prefaces also implied the judgment of literature with emphasizing the moralization and honor of the classics.In addition,the classification of Han Shu Yi Wen ZhiShi Fu Lue is the origin of anthology and general anthology,which reflects the concepts of consciously distinguish between Confucian classics and Zi.In conclusion,the archive and classification of literary writings in the Han dynasty advanced the date of Ji and affected the establishment of Jibu.