中国旅游业碳排放总量的测度及其特征分析

Analysis on Calculation and Characters of Total Carbon Dioxide Emission from China Tourism

发展低碳旅游是在气候变化背景下各国旅游可持续发展的必由之路,而对国家尺度上的旅游业碳排放进行测度则是分解全球旅游业减排任务的现实需要。依托投入产出表和旅游终端收入,选取便于与国内外相关数据进行比较的2007年为测度年限,分析中国入境游客、国内城镇游客和国内农村游客的碳排放总量特征。结果显示,中国旅游业碳排放分别占中国碳排放和全球旅游业碳排放的3.17%和5.76%;除旅游交通所占比例较高之外,其余部门较均衡分担旅游业碳排放总量的责任;碳排放总量,在直接和间接层面上约有六成来自间接碳排放,在群体上约有一半是来自城镇游客,80%的碳排放来自40%的游客;每人次碳排放显著低于发达国家。上述结果表明,旅游业的减碳化需从国家战略层面上统筹加以考虑,在产业层面上不仅需要旅游业各部门共同分担,更依赖其关联产业提供低碳化的中间产品;游客每人次碳排放较高的入境游客和城镇游客应承担较大的减排责任;中国旅游业碳排放尚需很大的排放空间。

The article,using the input-output table of 2007 and tourism expenditure,analyses the direct emissions and in-direct emissions of tourism from food,accommodation,transportation,sightseeing,shopping,entertainment and other services and from inbound tourists,domestic urban tourists and domestic rural tourists.The results are as the following：Carbon dioxide emissions from tourism in China are important in the world,with the percentage of 5.76%.Besides trans-portation,the percentage of food,accommodation,sightseeing,shopping and entertainment of total emissions in China is comparatively balanced.The total emissions of domestic tourists are evidently higher than that of inbound tourists.There are significant differences of total emissions and per capita emissions among different tourist groups.The results imply these：the energy saving and emission reduction of tourism industry require the shared responsibility from all tourism sec-tors,the adaptation and mitigation measures in tourism emissions rely more on the cooperation with the related industries, and the inbound with higher per capita emissions should bear more obligation of emission reduction,but the lower per-ca-pita emission groups including domestic urban tourists and domestic rural tourists need a large number of spaces for their increments.