哲人的心灵探索——叔本华的心理学要旨述评

Philosopher's exploration of Soul——Commenting Schopenhauer's Psychology Gist

哲人叔本华的心理学家的身份多不为人所知。长久以来,国内哲学界,甚至是心理学界对叔本华的心理学主张知之甚少。叔本华的意志哲学确立了意志在生命和世界中的主导地位,理智的传统优势地位则退居其次。意志在人身上主要表现为欲求或冲动,这同时也意味着人总不能摆脱痛苦的体验。在对痛苦的详尽探讨中,叔本华触及到了无意识和压抑机制的存在。压抑作用进而又会导致精神失常。在对意志和理智两者关系的探讨中,叔本华重新阐释了自我的含义,并揭示了心理的空间结构。这其中的不少主张都与弗洛伊德的精神分析学说发生了联系。两者的简要对比,也将更能呈现出叔本华的心理学的意义和价值。

The philosopher Schopenhauer＇s identity of psychologist is unknown.For a long time,the domestic philosophy realm,and even the psychology realm know a little about Schopenhauer＇s psychology proposition.Schopenhauer＇s will-philosophy established the dominant position of will in the life and the world,and the traditional dominance of intellect took the less important position.Will in the human body mainly manifests as desire or impulse,which means that people cannot get rid of the pain experience.In a thorough discussion of the pain,Schopenhauer discovered the presence of the unconscious and repression mechanisms.The effect of repression will further lead to mental disorders.In the discussion of the relations of the will and intellect,Schopenhauer reinterpreted the meaning of self and revealed the spatial structure of the soul.Many ideas which Schopenhauer proposed are contacting with Freud＇s psychoanalysis.A brief comparison be-tween the two thinkers will also exhibit the significance and value of Schopenhauer＇s psychology.