退役汽车破碎锤头失效分析及改进措施

Failure analysis and improving way of shredder hammers for retired car bodies

全球退役汽车数量的迅速增加带来了环境污染资源浪费等一系列问题,而循环利用退役汽车具有巨大的环境效益、经济效益等。破碎锤头是退役汽车车身高效破碎过程中的关键零部件,同时也是易损件。为了探索破碎锤头的失效机理找出延长破碎锤头使用寿命的方法,通过理论分析了退役汽车车身破碎过程以及破碎锤头磨损断裂机理。建立了退役汽车车身高效破碎有限元模型,具体研究了退役汽车车身破碎过程,包括自由运动、碰撞和挤压等阶段,同时发现挤压相对碰撞更有利于高效破碎。对比分析了不同结构的破碎锤头,发现了有缺口设计的破碎锤头的破碎效率高但是受损严重。试验分析了破碎锤头的失效过程,磨损和断裂同时发生。最后,提出了延长破碎锤头使用寿命的有效方法。

The rapid increase of retired cars causes a series of global problems such as environmental pollution and resource waste,but retired car recycling can bring valuable environmental and economic benefits.The shredder hammer is an important part for recycling retired car bodies and also an easily damaged part.To reveal the failure mechanisms of the shredder hammers and find a way to lengthen their lives,the shredding process of retired car body and the failure mechanisms for shredder hammers were analyzed theoretically.The finite element model for the shredding system of retired car bodies was established.The shredding process consists of free moving stage,collision stage and extrusion stage for retired car bodies was researched and it is found that the extrusion was better for shredding retired car bodies comparing with the collision.Through comparing the different structures of shredder hammers,the cutouts on the hammer head could improve the shredding efficiency,but make hammers damaged more easily.The test proved that the fracture and wear of shredder hammers coexist during shredding.Finally way to improve the working life of the shredder hammers was proposed.