延安市中小学教师职业倦怠调查分析

Investigation and analysis on job burnout among teachers in primary and secondary schools in Yan'an City

目的探讨延安市中小学教师职业倦怠情况。方法整群抽取中小学教师670人,采用自编问卷和教师职业倦怠量表进行现场调查分析。结果教师职业倦怠各维度中,44.2%的教师情感衰竭比较严重,14.4%的教师个人成就感很低,4.5%的教师非人性化比较严重。女教师的情感衰竭高于男教师（t=10.041,P〈0.01）,教龄5～〈10、10～〈20和≥20 a的教师情感衰竭显著高于〈5 a的教师（P〈0.01、P〈0.01、P〈0.05）,中级职称教师情感衰竭显著高于初级和高级（P〈0.01、P〈0.05）,本科教师的情感衰竭显著高于硕士学历教师（P〈0.05）;小学教师的个人成就感显著高于高中教师（P〈0.01）,专科教师的个人成就感显著高于硕士学历教师（P〈0.01）;5～〈10 a教龄的教师非人性化显著高于10～〈20 a教龄的教师（P〈0.05）,本科学历的教师显著高于专科和硕士学历的教师（P〈0.05、P〈0.05）。结论中小学教师存在不同程度的职业倦怠,初中教师、女性教师、青年教师、低职称教师以及本科学历的教师职业倦怠较重。

[ Objective ] To investigate the job burnout among teachers in primary and secondary schools in Yan＇an City. [ Methods ] 670 primary and secondary school teachers were collected by the cluster sampling. The self-made questionnaire and the teachers＇ job burnout scale were applied in the field investigation and analysis. [Results] Among the different dimensions of job burnout, 44.2% of the teachers had serious emotional exhaustion, 14.4% of the teachers had reduced personal accomplishment, and teachers with high scores of depersonalization accounted for 4.5%. The degree of emotional exhaustion among female teachers was higher than that among male teachers （t=10.041, P〈0.01 ）. The degree of emotional exhaustion among teachers whose school age was 5-〈10 years, 10-〈20 years and over ≥20 years was significantly higher that among teachers whose school age was shorter than 5 years （P〈0.01, P〈0.01, P〈0.05）. The degree of emotional exhaustion among teachers with middle title was higher than that among teachers with primary and advanced title （P〈0.01, P〈0.05）, and degree of emotional exhaustion among teachers with bachelor＇s degree was significantly higher than that among teachers with master＇s degree （P〈0.05）. The degree of personal accomplishment among primary school teachers was higher than that among senior high school teachers （P〈0.01）, and the degree of personal accomplishment among teachers with associate degree was significantly higher than that among teachers with master＇s degree （P〈0.01）. The degree of depersonalization among teachers whose school age was 5-〈10 years was significantly higher that among teachers whose school age was10-〈20 years （P〈0.05）, and the degree of depersonalization among teachers with bachelor＇s degree was significantly higher than that among teachers with associate degree and master＇s degree （P〈0.05, P〈0.05 ）. [ Conclusion] The primary and secondary school teachers show different degree of job burnout, especially junior high school teachers, female teachers, young teachers, lower title teachers and teachers with bachelor＇s degree.