从“欧文声明”看一战后英国对印度政策调整

British India Policy after the First World War——the Case Study of Irwin Declaration

两次大战期间,印度在帝国体系中的重要性进一步凸显,英国在印度问题上的立场愈发强硬。把印度留在帝国内、疏导印度民族主义走向容忍帝国统治而非走向独立成为各派共识,分歧和矛盾则主要集中在印度宪政改革的程度和推进的速度上,这在对英印总督欧文有关"印度自治"声明的批判声浪中表现得尤为突出。但伴随甘地发起的民众不服从运动和国内政治环境变化,英国对印政策逐渐由保守主义向中间路线回摆,最终形成以"欧文—霍尔路线"为基础的保守党印度政策。

In the period of the first and second World War,India became more important in the British Empire. Holding India inside the empire and leading India nationalism into a thought that tolerance the ruling of British Empire are common ground for all British politicians. The difference between them is the pace and extent of the reform in India to achieve the ultimate goal. The overall criticism on the Irwin Declaration is an major example for it. Coincided with the Civil Disobedience Movement led by Gandhi and the changes of political environment in Britain,the Conservative Party finally determined its Indian policy on the bases of Irwin- Hoareism Principals.