审美建构自我的三层次:《笔杆子、画笔和毒药》

The Three Branches of Artistic Self-construction:“Pen, Pencil and Poison”

王尔德为威恩莱特写的小传《笔杆子、画笔和毒药》受到研究者的关注较少,其中关于审美建构自我的主题也被忽视。在这篇小传里,王尔德将主人公的生命之作分为三部分:用笔杆子进行文学创作塑造自我,用画笔创造美和用美的事物装点生活,用罪恶的生活体验来丰富人生。该文同时也体现了,王尔德自己的审美追求可分为相似的三个层次:用文学创作塑造多重自我,用美装点生活使生活审美化,用非同寻常的人生经历实现人生审美化。两人都把生命当作审美对象,以审美建构自我。他们相似的、悲剧性的人生结局深刻地反映出,绝对审美的作用并非是积极的、正面的。

In Thomas G. Wainewright＇ s biography ＂Pen Pencil and Poison＂ , the text and the artistic self-construction theme of which have been greatly neglected by researchers, Oscar Wilde clas- sified the protagonist＇ s life-work into three categories： using pen to create literary works and to cre- ate himself, using pencil to create beauty and adopting beautiful things to decorate his life, and using evil life-experiences to enrich his life. Wilde＇ s own aesthetic pursuit could also be classified into three similar branches： using literary creation to shape his multi-self, using beauty to decorate his ex- istence and to beautify his life, and trying unusual experiences to realize life artistry. Both Wilde and Wainewright treated life as artistic object and realized their self-construction with the help of art. The similar tragic endings of their lives indicated that, absolute aesthetics did not really take effect posi- tively.