美国“充足教育”成本估算方法述评

A Review of the Methods to "Adequate Education" Cost Estimation in America

自20世纪80年代末始,美国基础教育财政政策的重点由注重"财政中立"逐渐转向"充足教育"。在推行"充足教育"政策的过程中,其成本估算成为基础教育财政研究的重点领域。通过梳理国外相关研究文献发现,当前估算"充足教育"成本的方法主要有六种,且各有利弊。尽管各估算方法在美国已被广泛运用于实践,但在界定"充足性"含义和衡量标准、明确教育投入和学生成就间的关系,以及如何整合因测算方法不同带来的成本估算差异等方面,今后仍需更深入的探究。

In the late of 1980s, the focus of American educational Finance gradually varies from ＂wealth neutrality＂ to ＂adequate education＂. During this process, the methods to the ＂adequate education＂ cost estimates become one of the most important researches in this field. Combing the literature about the cost of ＂adequate education＂, the six estimation methods have its pros and cons. Although each estimation method has been widely used in the United States, there are many important issues which we should pay more attention to in the future, such as extending the dimension of ＂adequate education＂, confirming the rela- tionship between educational Inputs and student achievement, integrating the different cost estimates methods and so on.