施氮量对花生产质量及氮肥利用率的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Peanut Yield and Quality and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency

采用大田裂区随机区组设计试验,研究了施氮量对不同品种花生产质量和氮肥利用率的影响,以期为豫南砂姜黑土区花生高产优质和氮肥高效利用提供合理的施氮依据。研究结果表明:随着施氮量的增加,不同花生品种荚果产量均呈增加趋势,施氮量为180 kg/hm^2时,‘豫花23’、‘远杂9102’和‘远杂6’的花生产量均最高,分别比不施氮的处理增产30.45%、25.96%和21.46%;随着施氮量的增加,‘豫花23’花生仁中蛋白质含量和粗脂肪含量均呈抛物线变化趋势,而‘远杂6’和‘远杂9102’花生仁中蛋白质含量呈增加趋势,粗脂肪含量呈降低趋势;除了施氮降低‘远杂6’和‘远杂9102’花生仁中蛋氨酸含量外,施氮均能增加其他花生蛋白质组分的含量;‘远杂9102’的氮利用率最高,为36.7%;‘豫花23’的农学效率和氮肥偏生产力均最大,分别为6.9 kg/kg和36.9 kg/kg。本试验条件下,‘豫花23’、‘远杂6’适宜的施氮量为180 kg/hm^2,花生产量分别为5330.36、5002.98 kg/hm^2,‘远杂9102’适宜的施氮量为135 kg/hm2,花生产量为5199.40 kg/hm^2。

In order to achieve high yield and good quality of peanut production and high utilization efficiencyof nitrogen in Shajiang black soil area of southern Henan, the effects of nitrogen application rate on peanutyield and quality and nitrogen utilization efficiency were studied by field experiments with split-plotrandomized block design. The results showed that pods yield increased with the increase of nitrogenapplication rate for all peanut varieties. The highest pods yield appeared under nitrogen application rate of 180kg/hm^2for‘Yuhua 23＇,‘Yuanza 9102＇and‘Yuanza 6＇, whose pods yield increased by 30.45%, 25.96% and21.46% in comparing with that of CK respectively. Peanut protein and crude fat content of‘Yuhua 23＇exhibited a parabola trend with the increase of nitrogen application rate. However, the protein contentincreased and the crude fat content decreased in‘Yuanza 6＇and‘Yuanza 9102＇. Nitrogen application couldreduce methionine content in peanut kernel in‘Yuanza 6＇and‘Yuanza 9102＇, and increase other proteincomponents content in other varieties.‘Yuanza 9102＇had the highest nitrogen utilization efficiency of 36.7%.‘Yuhua 23＇had the highest nitrogen agronomy efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity of 6.9 kg/kg and36.9 kg/kg, respectively. Under the experimental condition, the appropriate nitrogen application rate for‘Yuhua 23＇and‘Yuanza 6＇was 180 kg/hm^2, and peanut yield was 5330.36 and 5002.98 kg/hm^2, respectively.The appropriate nitrogen application rate for‘Yuanza 9102＇was 135 kg/hm^2 with peanut yield of 5199.40 kg/hm^2.