商品有机肥对作物产量及土壤与农产品中重金属积累的影响

Effects of Commercial Organic Fertilizer Application on Crop Yield and Heavy Metals Accumulation in Soil and Agricultural Products

选择蔬菜和水稻等2类农作物,进行了为期2年的7个田间试验,探讨了配施商品有机肥对蔬菜和粮食作物产量及土壤、农产品重金属积累的影响。研究结果表明:化肥配施商品有机肥可显著增加蔬菜的产量,但对水稻的增产效果较小。施用商品有机肥可增加土壤中Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb和As等重金属的积累,累积量因有机肥来源不同有所差异,并随施用量增加而增加。短期施用商品有机肥一般不会导致蔬菜和水稻等农产品中重金属的超标,但可增加蔬菜和水稻产品中Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb等重金属的含量。蔬菜地、油菜-晚稻种植模式和草莓-早稻种植模式下商品有机肥年推荐施用量分别为3750~7500、1500~3000、7500 kg/hm^2,作基肥一次施用。

Seven field experiments were conducted for two years to study the effect of commercial organicfertilizer application on the yield of vegetables and rice and the accumulation of heavy metals in both soil andagricultural products. The results showed that the combined application of chemical fertilizers and commercialorganic fertilizers could significantly increase the yield of vegetables, but it had little effect on rice yieldincrease. The application of commercial organic fertilizer could increase the accumulation of heavy metals suchas Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and As in soil, and the accumulation amount varied with sources of organic fertilizers,and increased with the increase of the application rates. In general, short-term application of commercialorganic fertilizer did not lead to excessive heavy metals in vegetables and rice products, but it increased thecontent of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in vegetables and rice products. The annually recommendedapplication rate of organic fertilizer was 3750-7500, 1500-3000 and 7500 kg/hm^2 for vegetable production,rape-late rice plantation system and strawberry-early rice plantation system, respectively, and the commercialorganic fertilizer was recommended to be applied as base fertilizer.