2010—2012年安徽省闪电特征分析与应用研究

Lightning: Characteristics Analysis and Application in Anhui During 2010-2012

为减少因闪电带来的人员生命和财产损失,研究安徽省闪电时空分布特征及其应用。采用Excel、Origin和Surfer软件作为统计分析方法,对2010年3月—2012年12月安徽省逐日闪电数据进行分析。结果表明：安徽地区以负闪为主;闪电月变化特征表现为单峰单谷型,暖季多冷季少,闪电次数集中发生在盛夏7月,6—9月为闪电集中发生时段;日变化上,正、负闪的2个高峰值时段分别出现在1—3时和15—17时,14—18时是一日当中对流性天气最集中时段;闪电强度变化特征表现为暖季高冷季低,月平均闪电强度46.2 k A,正、负闪电月平均强度峰值分别出现在7月和6月,高于30 k A的正、负闪电出现概率走势一致,正、负闪电强度值主要集中在0~30 k A之间;空间分布上,年平均闪电强度和密度高值区多发生在平原、丘陵和山区交接地带,也是安徽地区雷电灾害防御重点区域。同时,利用闪电资料和雷暴日数的关系,得出适用于安徽省16个地市的地闪密度计算公式。研究结果对指导安徽地区工农业生产、工程建设具有非常重要的实际意义。

In order to reduce life and financial losses caused by lightning, the research was carried out toexplore the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of lighting and their application in Anhui. Excel,Origin and Surfer software were adopted as statistical tools to analyze the daily lightning data in Anhui fromMarch 2010 to December 2012. The results showed that： Anhui was dominated by negative lightning; thelightning was characterized by monthly unimodal change, more frequently in warm season while fewer in coldseason; lightning happened most frequently in July, and concentrated between June and September; as for dailychange, the positive peak and negative peak appeared from 1 to 3 o＇clock and 15 to 17 o＇clock, respectively;convective weather mostly concentrated from 14 to 18 o＇clock; lightning intensity was high in warm seasonwhile low in cold season, the lightening intensity per month was 46.2 k A, the positive lightening and negativelightening peak happened in July and June respectively, the occurrence rate of positive and negative lighteningabove 30 k A was accordant, the positive and negative lightening intensity mainly ranged from 0 to 30 k A; interms of spatial distribution, the borders of plain, hilly and mountain showed the highest annual averagelightning intensity and density, and were also the key places to prevent lightning disaster in Anhui. Based onthe data related to the relationship between lightning and thunderstorm days, the authors derived a formulaapplicable to calculate the ground lightening density of 16 cities in Anhui. The results were of practicalsignificance for guiding the local industrial and agricultural production as well as engineering construction.