濒危植物蒙古扁桃大田地膜育苗试验

Field Plastic Film Seedling Experiment for Endangered Plant Prunus mongolica

[目的]探讨覆盖方式、种子处理和播种深度对蒙古扁桃种子出苗的影响。[方法]播种试验采用覆盖方式、种子处理和播种深度3因素随机区组设计，每2d观测1次，记录每个处理小区出苗情况，采用出苗时间、出苗率和出苗速率3个指标描述种子出苗情况。[结果]在蒙古扁桃大田育苗中覆盖地膜，出苗开始期提前8 d，出苗高峰期提前10 d，出苗率和出苗速率显著提高；蒙古扁桃种子通过开水浸种催芽、温水浸种催芽或混沙冷藏催芽处理，出苗开始期比冷水浸泡处理提前8～10 d，出苗高峰期提前12～14 d，出苗率分别提高21．7个百分点、20．8个百分点和23．1个百分点，出苗速率提高1．39倍、1．21倍和1．45倍；覆土厚度对蒙古扁桃种子出苗率和出苗速率影响显著，覆土越厚则出苗时间越长，出苗率越低。[结论]蒙古扁桃大田育苗应采用覆盖地膜技术，可根据不同情况参用开水浸种催芽、温水浸种催芽或混沙冷藏催芽处理种子，生产中覆土厚度以1 cm为宜。

[Objective] The aim was to discuss the effects of mulching ways, seeds treatment and sowing depth on emergence of Prunus mon-golica seed.[ Method] Three factors randomized block design including coverage ways, seed treatment and sowing depth was conducted, the emergence of each treatment plot was recorded 1 times every 2 d, seedling emergence time, emergence ratio and emergence rate were adopted to describe seed emergence status.[Result] Mulching with plastic film, seedling emergence period was 8 d ahead of time, and 10 d in ad-vance.Emergence ratio and rate was improved significantly.Through boiling water soaking, warm water soaking and cold storage of mixed sand, emergence starting period and peak period was earlier than that of cold water soaking by 8-10 d, 12-14 d, respectively; emergence ratio was improved by 21.7 percents, 20.8 percents, 23.1 percents;emergence rate was improved by 1.39 times, 1.21 times and 1.45 times respectively.Soil coverage had significant influence on seeds emergence ratio and rate, the more thick of cover soil, the longer the emergence time and the lower the emergence rate.[Conclusion] Mulching with plastic film should be adopted for breeding in P.mongolica field, 1 cm thickness of soil coverage is suitable, using boiling water soaking, warm water soaking and cold storage of mixed sand according to different sit-uations.