城乡一体化:从身份到契约的集体土地演化路径

Urban-Rural Integration in China:The Evolutionary Path of Collectively-owned Land from a Mere Identity to a Contract Subject

土地是重要的生产要素,应当允许集体土地在不同主体间自由流动。但是,农用地受农业生产用途限制,一般不纳入城乡一体化范围。宅基地与集体建设用地存在区别,但二者都是建造建筑物、房屋、构筑物及附属设施的土地;成渝两地的试验表明,集体农民拥有其他稳定住所后,有权自愿通过将宅基地转化为建设用地的方式,间接入市流转。集体建设用地,身份性不强,具有商业属性,由非所有权人占有使用的集体建设用地,可以与国有土地一样自由入市和流转,实现城乡建设用地一体化。

Land is a critical factor for any productive activities encourage its free circulation among users of different markets. Ahhou and therefore the law shall both meant for architectural construction, distinction shall be made between rural homestead and collectively-owned rural construction land： experiment in Chengdu and Chongqing suggests for the farmer＇s voluntary conversion of their homestead into collectively-owned rural construction land, therefore making the homestead marketable. This paper argues that collectively-owned rural construction land shall eventually lose its rural land identity and gain the equal treatment with state-owned land, where non-owners are allowed to possess and use the land for commercial purposes. Urban-Rural integration can be achieved by acknowledging the commerciality of the collectively-owned rural construction land and regulating the market for the creation and assignment of the respective land use right. At the same time, the paper suggests that agricultural land should not be included in the urban-rural-integration because of its restriction on the land use.