汉帝国空间边缘的伸缩:以乐浪郡的变迁为例

The Spatial Expansion and Contraction of the Borderline of Han Empire:Taking the Lelang Prefecture as An Example

汉帝国的空间边缘伸缩不定,边郡的置弃更迭是其直接表现。武帝设朝鲜四郡后,半岛北部的政区不断调整,由乐浪、真番、临屯、玄菟四郡省并为乐浪一郡。平壤贞柏洞木牍所记元帝初元四年乐浪郡之各县,与《汉书·地理志》内容相合,反映了省并后乐浪郡的政区设置情况。依据牍文各县之排列顺序,可知大乐浪郡形成后,原真番郡地区地位上升,成为位列核心区之后的重要地区,北部地区和岭东诸县的重要性依次递减;东汉初年之后,帝国边缘不断收缩,地位最低的岭东诸县遭到废弃,而至汉末,次重要的南部七县地位继续上升,独立为带方郡,帝国边缘再次表现出伸张的迹象。帝国空间边缘的伸缩,既要关注边地郡县的置废变化,也要重视边郡内部的空间构成及主次关系。

The change of prefectures in border areas represented the spatial expansion and contraction of Han Empire. After the four prefectures, Lelang, Zhenfan, Lintun and Xuantu, being established in northern Korean peninsula by Emperor Wu, the administrative division was adjusted frequently during Han Dynasty, finally from four prefectures to one, the larger Lelang Prefecture. The counties of the fourth year of Emperor Yuan＇s Chuyuan Era, recorded in Chongbaektong Wooden Strips, were as same as that in the Geographical Record of Hanshu, which reflected the administrative situation after the administrative division being adjusted. According to the sequence of the counties in the strips, it can be known that after the larger Lelang being established, the area of former Zhenfan Prefecture ascended, becoming more important than the northern and eastern areas. Moreover, the borderline of Hart Empire shrunk constantly during the Eastern Han time, owing to the eastern counties of Lelang were abandoned, while the southern seven counties ascended to be a new Daifang Prefecture in the end of Eastem Han, reflecting a sign of border＇s re-expanding. Besides of the change of prefectures and counties, the spatial construction should also be seriously considered in the study of expansion and contraction of borderline.