义熙政局与“宋氏以文章闲业”之缘起

The Politics in Yixi Years and the Origin of the Intelligentsia's Literature Worship in Liu Song Dynasty

晋宋之际,文学成为门阀文化新标志,以至南朝"士人并以文义为业"。这一现象的出现固然与文学变化相关,更重要的是文学在士论中地位上升所致。义熙八年之前,门阀政治格局破坏、皇权政治尚未复归,谢混在文学上"大变太元之气",获誉"风华为江左第一",再凭借民望及世资在政治上荣登高位并"领选",文华之风成为"流俗"。义熙八年后,刘裕独掌政权,但在其"造宋"活动中不得不妥协于门阀新文化,这是"宋武爱文"的政治涵义。经义熙年间的变化,重文华之风已从高门士族的人物品题扩展为包含士、庶的社会评价,并深入到九品中正制下乡论标准之中,对士人的仕宦生涯、社交声誉起着决定性影响。

Literature had become such a new symbol of the Powerful Family culture between the end of Eastern Jin and the Beginning of Song that the intelligentsia all lived on it in the Southern Dynasties. The appearance of this phenomenon was certainly related to the change of literature, but more importantly, due to its rising status in the scholars＇ theory. With the destroyed politics of Powerful Family and unreturned imperial power politics before the eighth year of Yixi, Xie Hun greatly changed the Taiyuan Atmosphere on literature and won the first place in elegance and talent in the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Again, with the popularity and the family capital, he rose to the top in politics and got the responsibility of recommending officials. The elegant and smooth literary became prevalent as well. After the eighth year of Yixi, Liu Yu held the power on his own hands. However, he had to compromise to the new Powerful Family culture in his movement of Creating Song which is the political meaning of Generals keen on literature in Song dynasty. During the changes in Yixi years, the atmosphere of focusing on the elegant and smooth literary had extended from the aristocratic characters appraisal to social evaluation containing the aristocracy and the common people, even deep into the standard of folk comments under the ninth-class official system which played a decisive influence to the intelligentsia＇s official career and social reputation.