高原小型变压吸附制氧装备的设计与性能优化

Design and performance optimization of miniature PSA oxygen generator for plateau area

目的:解决小型制氧装备在高原环境下使用时,出现的氧体积分数下降、氧产量降低、性能不稳定等问题。方法:首先对高原小型变压吸附(pressure swing adsorption,PSA)制氧装备的工艺流程、吸附剂及吸附床进行优化设计,然后通过实验研究关键工艺参数对产品气性能的影响,并进行高原环境下的实地实验。结果:经计算,吸附床的有效高度为325 mm,最佳高径比为5.0。系列实验结果表明,在吸附时间为7.0 s、均压时间为0.8 s、冲洗孔孔径为0.8 mm时,氧气体积分数达到93%以上,并且运行3 min时即达到稳定状态;在高原环境下运行3 min,氧气体积分数即达到93%左右,并趋于稳定。结论:该装备使用方便,性能稳定,适合高原环境下使用。

Objective To solve the problems of the miniature oxygen generator used in plateau conditions such as decreased oxygen volume fraction oxygen yield as well as unstable performances. Methods Optimal design was carried out for the process flow, absorbent and absorption bed of the miniature PSA oxygen generator for plateau conditions, and then the influences of key process parameters on the performances of the product gas were explored with experiments. Trials were executed in plateau areas. Results The effective height of the adsorbent bed was 325 mm; the ratio of column height to diameter was 5.0. The optimum process conditions were as follows： the adsorption time being 7.0 s, pressure equalization time being 0.8 s and rinse-aperture being 0.8 mm. Under the optimal condition, the product purity reached 93%, the time consumed from startup to steady state was less than 3 min, and the oxygen volume fraction was 93% or so after 3-minute running in plateau condition. Conclusion The oxygen generator has easy operation and high stability, and is suitable in plateau conditions.