中国LNG产业发展现状、问题及对策建议

The Status, Problems and Countermeasures of LNG Industry Development in China

经过十几年的发展,中国LNG产业已经形成了比较完整的产业链,进入了快速发展期。总结阐述了中国LNG产业发展现状后,认为中国LNG产业短期内仍面临市场需求增速依旧受限、LNG接收站和液化厂无序或重复建设、LNG接收站和天然气管网第三方准入缺乏可执行性细则等问题;中长期则面临下游市场开拓缓慢或滞后、储备调峰价值未充分体现、LNG国际贸易定价话语权不强、与管道气的供应矛盾和竞争逐渐加剧等问题。为此,提出建议:发挥国家层面战略规划作用,引导LNG产业基础设施建设、合理调控LNG与管道气市场范围;尽快出台LNG接收站和天然气管网第三方准入细则,促进民营企业参与竞争;加大下游市场开发和政策扶持力度,实现下游市场多元化;多途径增强天然气供需和进口灵活性,以降低LNG进口价格。

Through over ten years' development, LNG industry in China has formed a relatively complete industry chain and stepped into a period of quick development. After describing and summarizing current development situation of LNG industry in China, it is thought that in short term, LND industry in China is still confronted with the problems including limited growth rate of market demands, unordered or repeated construction of LNG terminals and liquefying plants and lack of enforceable rules for third party access to LNG terminals and natural gas pipeline network, while in medium and long term, it will be confronted with problems including slow or lagged expansion of downstream market, failure of full reflection of reserve peak-shaving value, not strong power in LNG pricing in international trade and increasingly escalated contradiction and competition with pipeline gas. Therefore, the paper puts forwards suggestions including performing the function of national level strategy to guide the construction of infrastructures of LNG industry and reasonably regulate the market area of LNG and pipeline gas, introducing rules for third party access to LNG terminals and natural gas pipeline network as soon as quickly to promote private enterprises to participate in competition, enhancing downstream market development and governmental policies support to realize diversification of downstream markets and improving the supply and demand and import flexibility of natural gas by various approaches to lower the import price of LNG.